[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.frogu.cz\/uhlik-je-metamorfni-prvek-grafit-a-diamant-jiste-dobre-znate\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.frogu.cz\/uhlik-je-metamorfni-prvek-grafit-a-diamant-jiste-dobre-znate\/","headline":"Uhl\u00edk je metamorfn\u00ed prvek. Grafit a diamant jist\u011b dob\u0159e zn\u00e1te.","name":"Uhl\u00edk je metamorfn\u00ed prvek. Grafit a diamant jist\u011b dob\u0159e zn\u00e1te.","description":"Uhl\u00edk jako grafit – vybav\u00edte si jej v\u017edy, kdy\u017e budete br\u00e1t do ruky oby\u010dejnou tu\u017eku. Uhl\u00edk dob\u0159e...","datePublished":"2020-09-06","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.frogu.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.frogu.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b74f056f0354b8ee50fcd0e6106aa964423477cb93024726458fce7ffd63d5d8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b74f056f0354b8ee50fcd0e6106aa964423477cb93024726458fce7ffd63d5d8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"frogu.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.frogu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a308370_w1921_t1519467291.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.frogu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a308370_w1921_t1519467291.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.frogu.cz\/uhlik-je-metamorfni-prvek-grafit-a-diamant-jiste-dobre-znate\/","wordCount":447,"articleBody":" Uhl\u00edk jako grafit – vybav\u00edte si jej v\u017edy, kdy\u017e budete br\u00e1t do ruky oby\u010dejnou tu\u017eku. Uhl\u00edk dob\u0159e znaj\u00ed i sklen\u00e1\u0159i nebo obklada\u010di, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0159e\u017eou sklo a keramiku diamantov\u00fdmi no\u017ei a kotou\u010di. Zd\u00e1 se to opravdu zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, v\u017edy\u0165 se jedn\u00e1 o stejn\u00fd chemick\u00fd prvek se \u0161esti protony a elektrony v jeho molekule, a poka\u017ed\u00e9 se chov\u00e1 jinak. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed toti\u017e na um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed atom\u016f uhl\u00edku v jeho krystalick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e \u2013 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece. A\u017e n\u011bkdy zav\u00edt\u00e1te do \u010cesk\u00e9ho Krumlova, b\u011b\u017ete se pod\u00edvat do grafitov\u00e9ho dolu a p\u0159ineste si dom\u016f suven\u00fdr v podob\u011b velmi m\u011bkk\u00e9 horniny. Grafit toti\u017e krystalizuje p\u0159irozen\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem v \u0161estere\u010dn\u00e9 soustav\u011b, kde je mezi atomy velk\u00fd prostor a mnoho tzv. kluzn\u00fdch rovin. D\u00edky tomu je grafit tak m\u011bkk\u00fd a poddajn\u00fd. Kdybyste si v\u0161ak objednali exkurzi do Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky a nahl\u00e9dli do diamantov\u00e9ho dolu, zjist\u00edte, \u017ee se tady uhl\u00edk dob\u00fdv\u00e1 z neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch hloubek pod povrchem zem\u011b. Jestli\u017ee toti\u017e uhl\u00edk stla\u010d\u00edte obrovskou silou, jeho krystalick\u00e1 struktura se zdeformuje do krychli\u010dky, atomy se do t\u00e9 krychli\u010dky nahust\u00ed a m\u00e1te r\u00e1zem velice tvrd\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Diamant. Ale zas je to jen uhl\u00edk. Specifick\u00e9 vlastnosti uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch kompozit\u016f Specifick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed uhl\u00edku se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i v technice. Jedn\u00edm z nejpevn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejleh\u010d\u00edch, kter\u00e9 kdy \u010dlov\u011bk vyrobil, je grafen. Vznik\u00e1 tak, \u017ee velmi tenk\u00fd pl\u00e1tek uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch atom\u016f zdeformujete z trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9ho na dvojrozm\u011brn\u00fd. Zn\u00ed to trochu podivn\u011b, ale v\u011bzte, \u017ee mo\u017en\u00e9 to je. Jde v\u0161ak o velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd technologick\u00fd proces, kdy se p\u016fsoben\u00edm velk\u00e9ho tlaku a tepla zhust\u00ed drobn\u00e9 vlo\u010dky uhl\u00edku \u2013 grafenu do velice kompaktn\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00e9 struktury. Velice pevn\u00e9, odoln\u00e9 a stabiln\u00ed. Extr\u00e9mn\u011b lehk\u00fd a pevn\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fd Grafen Grafen m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipom\u00ednat mo\u0159sk\u00fd kor\u00e1l, jeho struktura se podob\u00e1 jak\u00e9si nepravideln\u00e9 houbovit\u00e9 hmot\u011b, p\u0159itom se jedn\u00e1 o materi\u00e1l desetkr\u00e1t pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed ocel, a nav\u00edc je o cel\u00fdch 95 procent leh\u010d\u00ed. Grafen se bude v budoucnu z\u0159ejm\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat ve stavebnictv\u00ed a v leteck\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, kde hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli pevnost materi\u00e1lu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jeho velmi n\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem mohou b\u00fdt mostn\u00ed a p\u0159ekladov\u00e9 konstrukce d\u00e1lni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, v\u00fdstavba \u017eeleznic, v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 stavby atd.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Uhl\u00edk je metamorfn\u00ed prvek. 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